Parma (after) ( - ) is a painter. Parma (after) s works have been put up for auction numerous times, with realized prices surpassing estimated prices, varying from 2734.89 USD for STUDY OF THE HEAD OF A BEARDED MAN in 2005 to 20088.73 USD for The Martyrdom of St. Catherine (?) or “Wisdom Defeating Fortune” in 2005 , based on the size and medium of the artwork.